One of the beautiful paradoxes of improvisation is that every individual choice is simultaneously of the greatest importance and not important at all. At every moment you must be both completely committed to what you are playing, and completely willing to let go of it if the music demands it.
Tom Hall, Free Improvisation: A Practical Guide, Chapter 5
When I first interviewed Tom Hall for this post in early January, the coronavirus was still hushed and hooded. Since then, and at quite a viral pace, our understanding of reality has become ectopic. Our routines are hardly recognizable, our plans left waiting and uncertain, our relationships expanding and contracting. It feels like macro-scale gory re-birth.
I’ve been sitting on this interview for months, trying to find the right moment to grapple with the weight of the gift that Tom teaches: the art of improvisation. Improvisation is traditionally associated with music and theater. At its root, the word improvise comes from the Latin improviso, meaning “unforeseen” or “unexpected” or “not prepared beforehand.” In this historical moment, we are encountering a gaping “unforeseen” future. There was something almost prophetic about meeting with Tom right before the coronavirus crisis.
“Sometimes, we need to reject the dominant structures of how we’re supposed to be together,” Tom explained before we knew what would hit us, “right now, we are at a crisis point in our history where we need to figure out ways for people to improvise together.”
Replaying his words in my head over and over this week soothes me. At its core, improvisation is the exploration of right-now’s infinite possibilities. It sounds so simple, and yet so overwhelming. How can we learn to carve out new spaces both alone and with each other? Even more, what can we discover when we open ourselves to the unforeseen?
First, we make sounds with our bodies. We stand clapping in a circle.
In February, when students were still scurrying to class and eating Einstein’s bagels by library windows, I asked Tom if my friend-bandmate Jason and I could observe “Improv Collective”, one of the most cherished courses at Brandeis. “No need to bring anything, just yourself, if you are comfortable using your voice to do stuff…” Tom encouraged. We’ve never done any “formal” improv before, if that is a thing to ever be formal about. On the drive to campus, Jason and I munched on apples, taking turns asking each other what if we sound like bumbling idiots? We didn’t know what to expect. When we shyly settled in with the twelve other students in the classroom, Tom opened the evening’s class with lively hand gestures, riding the inflections in his voice:
“If you’re on a train, and you hear a rhythm, what makes you identify it as rhythm?”
Patterns! Motion! the students call out from their chairs.
“If you’re in the bathtub and you hear the drip-drop-drip-drop, why do you hear that as rhythm?”
Repetition! Beats over time! Assumptions! the students call.
“Right, right! But also, when you hear things as rhythm, you are constructing a reality based on what your senses experience,” Tom offers, “no two people experience things the same way. And no two places or moments have the same sound. Every beach has a different sound, every city, every conversation. Everything has its own sonic signature.”
And so, we stood clapping in a circle and made sounds with our bodies. Each student would have a turn in the middle of the circle, releasing sound and movement from their mouth or skin or shoe or pencil, and the blob of the circle would mimic it. This went on for a half hour or so. Perhaps we did all look like bumbling idiots with quite distinct sonic signatures. With each passing minute, my self-consciousness began to dissolve. Not fully- but enough that my old friend Judgment was thrown to the backburner for an hour. I let myself laugh and play. Before even interacting with our instruments, we had to become human to each other. We had to connect. This is one way that Tom Hall teaches improvisation: listening to the sonic signature of who you are and who you’re with.
The more intimate a relationship is, the more important it is to have more improvisation and less structure because that’s when you get to offer and accept who you are.
Tom Hall
Just like we tend to construct rhythm in the even rumble of trains and the drip-drop of the bath, we also tend to slip into patterns in our relationships. We slip into what we expect of them and what they expect of us, often automatically. The rhythm of relationships is essential for society and civilization. Structure is how we have codified right and wrong and how we measure value and how we agree upon what behaviors are acceptable. These predetermined rhythms come at us from all sides: our family, our media, our work, our education, our friends. The structure is what allows you to know how to interact with a random person in the cheese aisle of the grocery store without freaking them out. It allows you to recognize that it’s not okay to pick your nose and wipe it on your co-worker’s desk. And you expect that no one will wipe their boogers on your desk either. Seems reasonable. It allows you to believe, perhaps, that your career must be the most important thing in your life. These same structures could have also told your grandmother that she must dedicate herself to cooking for her husband, having five babies, and being buried under a gravestone that says “WIFE, MOTHER”.
You may notice some of these structures breaking down in quarantine and new ones being built all the time. The deconstruction of established structures is just as important for keeping our relationships strong and sensical. What if we didn’t live in those structures, if even for a moment? How would we engage with our partner? How would we engage our bodies? How would we engage with the person in the cheese aisle? What if we gave ourselves the freedom to play?
We’re not the only ones who have asked ourselves this question. If we look at the history of music or art or literature, the drive to challenge the status quo is obvious. When we challenge what is said to be “valuable,” when we move toward the unexpected, and give ourselves permission to believe in that movement, we open up a space for freedom. Improvisation is the seed of creation, the moment where something connects and transforms, Tom says. This creative human impulse is at the root of social movements as well.
At crisis moments in history, people begin to question the structures that have governed their decisions and identities. Free improvisation itself is said to be a direct outgrowth of the Civil Rights movement in the United States. The free jazz experiments emerging in the 1960s were a purposeful rebellion of pre-established jazz conventions. This was the time of Rosa Parks and Little Rock Nine and the Freedom Riders. This was when man walked on the moon. By the 1970s, it was all about freedom.
Free improvisation, unbound from even the few pre-established, ambiguous musical elements of free jazz, can be anything at all. It can be about digging into or out of the womb of unconscious history and bringing it to light with no commitment to style or sound. It can be about rejecting the elite, flattening the hierarchies. It can be about creating music together outside the confines of tradition. It can be about feeling a groove in your body. Whatever it may be, and whatever it may sound like, each player brings both their identity and their liberation from identity to the table.
At its conception, a dominant idea was that improvisation cannot be taught. It had to be felt and done. Any parameters or restrictions or definitions would ruin its creative essence. Forty years ago, during his education at New England Conservatory, Tom recognized that engagement in music and theater and relationships and life were all parallel experiences. “What’s the stuff that is the same?” he wondered.
“On stage, what happens is what’s true.” The expectation of what is supposed to happen becomes less important than what is already happening. In his early life, Tom remembers how high stakes human interactions felt. There were all these social codes of conduct, all these structures, that didn’t make natural sense to him. “I’m a terrible improviser,” he easily admits, even today, “maybe it’s a neurodiversity thing, but I just have a difficult time improvising with people”.
Off stage, he would get in his head, torture himself with judgments. How do you know the “right thing” to say? How do you know what is worth saying? How can you say the most true thing? But on stage, improvising, the most true thing was happening already. In these moments of presence, Tom, the young saxophonist, gave himself permission to play. He could be whoever he wanted to be. Play allows for freedom, even within limits. “It’s the improvising,” he realized, and then he recognized that everything is improvisation.
When you’re actually creating an interaction rather than mimicking one, or riffing off the one you think you should have, that’s when you actually discover things about yourself and the other person. The only way you can freely improvise with someone is if you’re showing yourself and being yourself. Anytime that’s happening, you’re going to be in a more intimate kind of relationship.
Tom Hall
Everything Tom knows about improvisation off-stage, he learned from April, his wife of twenty-five years. She can walk into a room and know instinctively what little dramas were playing out: how people felt, how to communicate, how to make people feel at ease. For him, social improvisation felt impossible. In the bloom of their young relationship, she would help him notice useful social cues. They would practice having candid conversations. They would work on his fear of judgment. If you’re not comfortable, she would tell him, you don’t have to say anything about yourself. Just ask people about themselves and listen!
Music and relationships expanded upon each other as he learned to apply improvisation everywhere. When he and April had a child, the time he spent practicing saxophone got smaller, “but my ability to make music got bigger,” he says. Before then, he had convinced himself to be dedicated tooth and nail to the saxophone, to be the best saxophonist in the universe. “I was never that person and I will never be that person,” Tom smiles, “I’ve learned that I’m something else.” He owes much of his vitality in life to the creative nature of his relationship with April. “We compliment each other as a dyad,” he said matter-of-factly, “we are really good, really powerful. We are able to do a lot of stuff together that we can’t do alone because of how we intersect.”
In the classroom, Tom teaches exactly this: how to connect. Six students volunteer to try the next exercise. Tom Hall dashes to the front of the room and kills the lights. Less light, less noise. There is an eeriness to the silence now because we notice it’s really not so silent at all. The exercise begins with listening.
The “silence” is broken with the smooth, deep tone of electric bass. Within seconds, the bass finds a tentative groove with itself.
Tom Hall interjects, waving his long arms up in the air.
Free yourself from rhythmic structure!
The bass stops with a clank.
Last class we focused on rhythm. This exercise is for finding yourself outside of any rhythm.
The silence starts again. Inside this nighttime veil, everything is one thing. Contours of faces and instruments and legs and tables. We grow uneasy with our confused senses.
First, there is a shuffling of feet upon carpet. Always an electromagnetic buzz from the amp. Then, a soft “shhh” comes from a body standing in front of the window. One by one, new textures come. A resonant flick of a tuba, some sharp shimmers from where we know the drums are, something like nails on wood near the piano, a deep voice from the bass amplifier, maybe. Within half a minute, the landscape of the air vibrates. The sonic landscape of this moment.
Something shifts in the room that none of us can name.
Let it come to a natural end, you’ll know when it’s time. And it does.
“You can’t improvise and not show who you are,” he says, “and when you do it with other people, you can’t do it without accepting who everyone is. That’s what makes it work.” He teaches improvisation as a philosophy, a meditation, and a way of life. The “stuff that is the same” that Tom was searching for since his younger years intersects at intimacy.
A friend staying with her partner’s parents complains they only eat meat and potatoes. Her stomach hurts all the time. Another friend accidentally joined a digital “love yourself” cult. It’s expensive, she says, but it’s helping. Friends who never post shirtless pictures take up kettle bells and post shirtless pictures. In the cheese aisle of the supermarket, we no longer mess around. Everything is grab and go. Friends quarantine with men they met four months ago. My mom texts me “I read that divorce rates are so high now!” She sends statistics from different cities. Back from his father’s for the weekend, a five year old boy is forced to strip in the driveway before entering his mother’s house. A grandmother sews a cloth mask for her only grandchild. It is sky blue with yellow dragonflies. My dad and I translate our family stories from Russian to English. His Zoom background, since Passover, has been the Great Pyramids of Giza. On the rim of the Housatonic, a friend and I watch an eagle hack a fish open. A small crowd of five people gather in masks, transfixed.
Life under quarantine is the epitome of limitation. Intimacy must be re-imagined. “Like playing a tune,” Tom says, “improvisation occurs between limitations.” The old rhythms of our days are different now. The expectations of our attachments have shifted. If we boil it down, we have two choices: to upkeep old dynamics or break free from them. Sometimes in the hardest moments, it’s time to play. It’s time to stand in a circle together, make sounds with our bodies, and listen.
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A huge thank you to Tom Hall for being who you are and letting Jason and I sit in on some of the classes you teach at Brandeis. Thanks to the amazing students in the class who made us feel so welcome! Thank you to Moira Applebaum, one of Tom’s former students, for sharing your memories of Tom’s class. Shout out to Jason, Sam, and Ethan who shared their thoughts and feelings with me and listened to my incessant processing of this subject. And thank you thank you to Sam, Ethan, and Clay, my quarantine roommates, for making each day an improvisation in these strange times! I would love to hear about your quarantine experience and how improvisation plays a role in your every day life now!